Centrifugal Pump Basics (How They Work Fluid Mechanics)

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Издатель Jan 3, 2021

In this video we are going to go over some basics of centrifugal pumps.
What is a centrifugal pump?
A device that moves fluids by mechanical action by taking rotational kinetic energy and converting that hydrodynamic energy (fluid flow and pressure)
How do centrifugal pumps work?
Fluid Enters through the intake and goes into the center of the impeller. The impeller being the blades that spin inside the pump. The impeller is spinning in such a way that forces the fluid to the outside edge where the outlet is positioned. Area of low pressure in pump causes atmospheric pressure and static pressure at intake to push fluid into pump.
Limitations
Intake pressure can never be lower than vapor pressure of the fluid. If this happens then fluid will cavitate (boil) and cause damage to pump components
If we place multiple pumps in series we can increase the amount of pressure at the final outlet
If we place multiply pumps in parallel we can increase the volumetric flow rate of the pump system. So if you put pumps in parallel the total volume of fluid leaving the pump will increase
To finish off this video lets talk about shut off head. This is the Point at which fluid is no longer flowing due all kinetic energy (flow energy) being converted into potential energy (Lifting Energy)
You can think in terms of throwing a ball. You can only through the ball so high before it comes down again. Similarly the centrifugal pump can only throw the water so high. This is the max head or shut off head.